ABSTRACT
[...]the latest development crosses a new frontier: "Pharma companies need to focus more on R&D for innovative medicines against infections," it tweeted in mid-November. "Pharma companies need to boost research and development." EHU, as a brand, has yet to achieve enthusiastic endorsement from member states, who are suspicious of a stealthy power grab.
ABSTRACT
The study sought to investigate whether digital media endorsement influences COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Vhembe District-based women in South Africa. As conceptual frameworks, the study relied on digital media endorsement and vaccination hesitancy. A qualitative research method and exploratory research design were employed to better explore women's views and perceptions on how digital media might influence COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the Global South. In this study, fifteen women participants aged between 20 and 45 were purposively selected to give their views and experiences concerning the identified lacuna. Data solicited through an in-depth structured interview schedule with open-ended questions were processed and analysed using a qualitative thematic analysis technique to develop pertinent themes and sub-themes. The study established that access to digital media platforms substantially endorsed COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and uncertainty among most women in the Vhembe District of South Africa. This study further revealed that most women in the Vhembe District were vaccinated against the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, a few were hesitant and would somehow use digital media endorsements to decide whether to go for vaccination or not. It was further established that digital media endorsements through celebrities, public figures, and influential people played a significant role in most women accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. The results show how digital media endorsement affects women's perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccination.
ABSTRACT
PurposeCOVID-19 affects the peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation industry. With regard to prospect theory, individuals' negative emotions, such as institutional distrust, are easily evoked and impede consumption intention in an environment of permeating uncertainty and risks. While existing research indicates the negative effects of institutional distrust, scant research has explored its antecedents and intervention mechanisms. This study thus aims to unveil the influencing factors and explore mitigating mechanisms of customers' institutional distrust of P2P accommodations.Design/methodology/approachOnline reviews data were used to identify the underlying critical issues. The authors developed a model to depict how institutional distrust is formed under the boundary condition of subjective norm by the results. The model was verified using a questionnaire survey. Finally, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to ensure its robustness.FindingsThe external environment and internal platform effectiveness are two critical aspects affecting institutional distrust of P2P accommodations. The external environment influences institutional distrust through perceived threat, explaining the formation mechanism of customers' institutional distrust through customers' internal psychology. Furthermore, the authors found subjective norm moderating the effect of perceived threat on customers' institutional distrust.Research limitations/implicationsThis is one of the first studies, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to explore institutional distrust of P2P accommodations after COVID-19. The finding contributes to studies on P2P accommodation by uncovering the contingent role of subjective norm in influencing customers' institutional distrust.Originality/valueThis is a pioneering study that explores the antecedents and mitigating mechanisms of institutional distrust of P2P accommodations during the new normal of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
When participants were then prompted to read information from different sources about vaccine efficacy against new COVID-19 variants, Trump supporters who had been shown the summary of Nature's editorial were less likely to trust Nature's information on COVID-19, and also reported more mistrust in US scientists. Trump had laid waste to science and scientific institutions at home on issues from COVID-19 to climate change, and had gutted environmental regulations even in the face of increasing climate risk. When individuals seeking office have a track record of causing harm, when they are transparently dismissive of facts and integrity, when they threaten scholarly autonomy, and when they are disdainful of cooperation and consensus, it becomes important to speak up.
ABSTRACT
The testimonies of celebrities affect the lives of their many followers who pay attention to what they say. This gives celebrities a high degree of epistemic power, which has come under scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the duties that arise from this power. We argue that celebrities have a negative duty of testimonial justice not to undermine trust in authoritative sources by spreading misinformation or directing attention to untrustworthy sources. Moreover, celebrities have a general imperfect duty to try to correct for an unjust distribution of attention by redirecting it to those who deserve it. During a pandemic this may become a perfect one, due to the harm that could be prevented if people follow the advice of experts. Relatedly, we argue that celebrities have an imperfect duty to promote behavior that will reduce the spread of a pandemic. We outline three ways they might do so: they might take on the position of a role model, they may act as a salience magnet or they can direct people's attention towards others who have taken on these roles.
ABSTRACT
ACORN provided an expert consultancy team known as the Perioperative Clinical Advisory Team (PCAT) to undertake the required work for the key deliverables that were aimed at ensuring a standard of care that will be safe for the patients undergoing surgical procedures provided by Morobe Provincial Health Authority. [...]the governance, operational flows and ORS efficiency are aLL muLtidiscipLinary and require coLLaboration from aLL teams with Leadership from both nursing and medicine to succeed. [...]the primary educational focus was nursing with other deliverables aimed at the muLtidiscipLinary teams. Key deliverables Four key deliverables were identified: 1.Development of a monitoring and evaLuation framework incLuding a governance structure and risk management plan. 2. The PNGPSP incorporates appendices that apply to: * Pre-operative patient checklist * Surgical hand scrubbing procedures (three- and fiveminute) * Surgical hand rubbing procedure * Accountable items count sheet * Papua New Guinea Surgical Safety Checklist * ORS and CSU environmental cleaning audit * Perioperative patient journey audit forms (measured against the standards) * Perioperative safety guidelines (relating to positioning the patient, diathermy safety, pneumatic tourniquet safety, sharps handling and disposal, and specimen coflection) * WHO recommendations for staffing CSU The count sheet and surgical safety checklist can be utilised across all perioperative environments in PNG, therefore, enabling a safe, consistent approach to perioperative documentation.
ABSTRACT
ObjectivesCOVID-19 has altered standard thresholds for identifying anxiety and depression. A brief questionnaire to determine when individuals are at a tipping point for severe anxiety or depression would greatly help decisions about when to seek assessment or treatment.DesignData were collected as part of the Frontline-COVID Study, a cross-sectional national online survey with good coverage of health and social care settings. New questionnaire items reflecting when coping was actually breaking down were compared with standard measures of severe anxiety and depression. Data were collected between 27 May and 23 July 2020.SettingThe majority of participants worked in hospitals (53%), in nursing or care homes (15%), or in other community settings (30%).ParticipantsOf 1194 qualifying respondents, 1038 completed the six tipping point items. Respondents included nurses, midwives, doctors, care workers, healthcare assistants, allied healthcare professionals and other non-medical staff. Over 90% were white and female.Main outcome measuresThreshold for severe anxiety according to the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 or moderately severe depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.ResultsAnswering yes to one of two simple questions (‘Over the last week have you been often feeling panicky or on the point of losing control of your emotions?’, ‘Over the last week have you felt complete hopelessness about the future?’) demonstrated very high sensitivity (0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.97) and negative predictive value (0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98). Answering yes to both questions yielded high specificity (0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.92) and positive predictive value (0.72, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.77). Results were replicated in two random subsamples and were consistent across different genders, ethnic backgrounds, and health or social care settings.ConclusionsAnswering two simple yes/no questions can provide simple and immediate guidance to assist with decisions about whether to seek further assessment or treatment.
ABSTRACT
"COVID-19 misinformation is a significant public health concern, and more vulnerable groups may be at increased risk of believing such types of misinformation - something their health care providers should be aware of and possibly address in relation to patients' concerns about the pandemic and how it relates to their treatment," Jeanine P.D. Guidry, PhD, assistant professor at Robertson School of Media and Culture and director of the media and health lab at Virginia Commonwealth University, told Healio ;HemOnc Today. Because patients undergoing treatment are particularly vulnerable to misinformation, the cancer care community must address patients' concerns on how the pandemic relates to their course of treatment, the researchers wrote. [...]we have no information on how the volunteers were selected - through online patient communities, online advertisement or other means - which means we cannot calculate the response rate.
ABSTRACT
Resorting to complementary/alternative medical (CAM) therapies can lead to bad health outcomes or interfere with officially recommended therapies. CAM use is, nevertheless, widespread and growing. This could be partially due to the perception of the CAM industry as powerless and non-profit oriented, in contrast to the pharmaceutical industry ("Big Pharma"). In reality, both industries are highly profitable and powerful;to highlight this similarity, science communicators coined the term "Big Suppla". Drawing from a sample of 242 participants upon all exclusions, we experimentally tested whether varying these attributes in presenting the industries impacts consumers' evaluation of the two categories of products (herbs and supplements) and their willingness to try and recommend them. We also tested whether the effect is moderated by conspiratorial thinking, and whether it is due to a change in trust. All hypotheses were pre-registered. As expected, participants who read the Big Suppla vignette decreased the endorsement of both supplements and herbs, whilst, against our hypotheses, there were no significant changes in endorsement in the contrasting "Baby Suppla" group. Conspiratorial thinking was related to more endorsement of CAM, but it did not moderate the experimental effects. We also did not observe the expected mediation by trust. Our most robust results corroborate the idea that challenging the myth of benevolence of the CAM industry makes people more critical in evaluating its products or considering their usage. They support the intuitions of science communicators who coined the term Big Suppla, and can help in tailoring public health messages.
ABSTRACT
Communicating during a pandemic is as difficult as fighting it. Social media influencers have become role models in the pandemic due to the guiding nature of social media. The aim of this study is to analyze how micro-celebrities on Instagram, one of the most preferred social networks in Turkey, carry out their COVID-19-related content and how they communicate through Instagram during the pandemic. The conceptual framework of based on "Celebrity Influence Model';the top 10 micro-celebrities posts were examined. Results show that 68.4% of the posts are related to COVID-19;their sponsored posts were decreased;they mostly preferred a "humorous" tone in their messages, they preferred their posts as "indoors", and the most shared topic is 'lifestyle "Fun" is the most used value by micro-influencers. The primary role they assumed was 'entertainer It has been observed that micro-celebrities aim to inform, warn, direct and even develop positive behavioral changes by raising awareness on issues, such as staying at home, complying with social distance rules and wearing masks.
ABSTRACT
Purpose>This paper aims to explore the emerging market of video game streaming and eSports to provide readers with an understanding of the nature and content of this quickly growing entertainment industry. eSports or eGaming is the playing of video games for competition and for spectators by professionals. Popular platforms, eGaming celebrities and revenue sources are introduced. Building upon this knowledge, the authors then show the opportunities marketers have to use this medium for branding, promotional and retailing purposes. Challenges to these aims are also discussed.Design/methodology/approach>The eGaming and eSports industry is summarized by studying its evolution and current state. A thorough review of the players and their possible revenue sources is presented. Likewise, a survey of marketing-related tactics and challenges is discussed to help readers not only understand the field but also use the industry’s growth.Findings>This paper provides valuable information to understand why this new market of video game streaming is rapidly increasing and what impact it will have on consumers, brands and marketing strategists.Originality/value>This paper is unique in the sense that in one place it not only summarizes the advent and growth of an evolving field but also shows the opportunities that firms have to take advantage of this unique medium for connecting with customers. Firms are at the same time cautioned to consider increasing challenges with this new industry.
ABSTRACT
In March 2020, Premier Legault called on Quebec influencers and celebrities as part of the #Propage l'info, pas le virus campaign to educate youth about following health guidelines against COVID-19. This article provides an insight into the different ways in which these renowned individuals responded to this call as well as the forms of their responses. To do so, the content of the videos shared by these individuals on social networks was analyzed using a qualitative coding scheme inspired by Fields (1988). The result of this analysis shows that different means were used to accentuate the feeling of closeness between the celebrity and his audience, in order to increase the adherence to the message. The use of the pronoun "On", the use of narrative formulas and the intimacy that emerges from informative videos may contribute to the rapport between a celebrity and his public.
ABSTRACT
PurposeGrounded in the legitimacy theory and framed within the context of European Union’s (EU's) endorsement process, this paper analyses the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB's) response to the COVID-19 crisis and the impact of its practical expedient COVID-19-Related Rent Concession on the IASB's output legitimacy.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative process-tracing approach and combines inductive historical narratives and deductive reasoning to draw theoretical implications concerning the COVID-19 crisis' impact on the standard-setting process.FindingsThe paper shows a growing reliance on practical expedients in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to maintain the IASB's output legitimacy. While introducing some theoretical flaws, practical expedients increase the standards' flexibility and strengthen the IASB's ability to respond to the European political bodies' concerns. Indeed, an analysis of the IASB's response to the COVID-19 outbreak reveals the role practical expedients might play not only in reducing (ex ante) new IFRS transition costs but also in dealing (ex-post) with the broader economic impact of unexpected systemic crises to limit criticisms and controversies surrounding IFRS.Originality/valueThis study reveals a causal relationship between the rise of the European public good criterion in the EU endorsement process and the wider use of practical expedients in IFRS. An analysis of the latest amendment to IFRS 16 in response to the COVID-19 crisis also confirms the role of practical expedients in strengthening the acceptance of IFRS in an increasingly complex economic reality and sheds some light on the new strategies adopted by the IASB to preserve its legitimacy in the EU.
ABSTRACT
Attributes analyzed included minor and major adverse effects, protection duration, efficacy, FDA approval, endorsements, and national origin. An increase in the duration of vaccine protection from one year to five years and a decrease in the incidence of major adverse effects from one in 10,000 to one in 1 million also were associated with a higher probability of choosing a vaccine. Factors associated with higher probability of choosing a vaccine, such as better efficacy, low incidence of major adverse effects, and endorsements by the CDC and WHO, currently exist.3 But the FDA has been slow to approve vaccines, and the ongoing politicization of science, from mask-wearing to vaccine mandates and school openings, has led to an erosion of the public’s confidence in vaccines.4,5 Vaccines were a chance to redeem failures in the U.S. coronavirus response.
ABSTRACT
The global spread of COVID-19 has created an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine. However, in the United States, the politicization of the vaccine approval process, including which public figures are endorsing it, could undermine beliefs about its safety and efficacy and willingness to receive it. Using a pair of randomized survey experiments, we show that announcing approval of a COVID-19 vaccine one week before the presidential election compared to one week after considerably reduces both beliefs about its safety and efficacy and intended uptake. However, endorsement by Dr. Anthony Fauci increases confidence and uptake among all partisan subgroups. Further, an endorsement by Dr. Fauci increased uptake and confidence in safety even if a vaccine receives pre-election approval. The results here suggest that perceptions of political influence in COVID-19 vaccine approval could significantly undermine the viability of a vaccine as a strategy to end the pandemic.